1. Carol is a 28 – year – old woman, pregnant for the first time, presented at the emergency room in possible labour. She appeared anxious with a pregnancy of unknown duration. Her blood pressure was raised and appeared to gain weight in the last few weeks.
Results:
Blood: Sodium 135 mmol/l
Potassium 3.5 mmol/l
Chloride 100 mmol/l
CO2 25 mmol/l
Urea 2.8 mmol/l
Creatinine 74 umol/l
Urine: glucose + protein 3+
Amniotic fluid: L/S ratio 1.7 PG +
1.1 Judging from the results above, do they reflect a normal pregnancy?
1.2 Comment on the maturity of the foetus.
1.3 Briefly describe the testing for neural tube defect. [14]
2. There was much media speculation of meningitis in this country as many patients had
signs and symptoms of the condition and a few patients died from the illness.
2.1 Explain the collection of specimen of choice. [2]
2.2Discuss the various tubes taken and the reasons thereof. [4]
2.3 Name all the tests done in a Chemical Pathology lab for CSF analysis and
explain the significance of each test. [16]
4 3.1 In occult blood analysis discuss the interfering factors that give false
results. [2]
3.2 What are the limitations to the sensitivity and specificity of this assay? [2]
3.3 Explain the clinical usefulness of a faecal fat test. Note special requirements for the assay. [4]
3.4 Discuss the various methods employed for occult blood analysis. [6]
4.1 Certain requirements must be met for an enzyme to be suitable for EIA.
Discuss. [6]
4.2 Explain how immunonephelometry can be used to measure IgM. [6]
4.3 Differentiate between antigen and antibody detection using the sandwich technique. [6]
5. Dr Peter N is a pathologist who has completed the qualification as an endocrinologist. He wishes to leave the state hospital and open up a RIA laboratory. Name all the requirements that are necessary for this venture. [8]
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